Bimodal Classes and DTENs
Bimodal teaching is intended for instances when campus-based class meetings may have some students who are ready to come back to campus and some that are not, where a faculty member teaches both sets of students (on campus and online) at the same time via classroom technology and intentional pedagogical planning. Bimodal teaching need not be confused with "hyflex" courses where students choose the modality that they prefer on an ongoing basis (see Beatty, 2019).
This page introduces you to bimodal teaching, which features students in face-to-face and remote environments (e.g., via Zoom) simultaneously, and some important preparation and time management principles to provide an engaging and meaningful learning experience for students in both modalities.
Note: Plans to teach an term-long course bimodally must be arranged with the permission of the dean of your college and scheduled in a room with the appropriate technology.
Classroom Technology
Ideally, bimodal teaching will take place in a classroom outfitted with a new video conference system from DTEN. This unit that looks like a computer screen, but it is a state-of-the-art Zoom conferencing tool equipped with:
- Digital whiteboarding and live on-screen annotation of documents and shared content,
- Wide-angle 4k camera with auto-framing that keeps everyone perfectly in-frame,
- Advanced microphone,
- Responsive multi-touch display that provides an intuitive touch experience, and
- Spatial sensing technology to enable high-impact broadcasting from the classroom.
DTENs will be positioned at the back of a classroom where students would sit, therefore simulating that the DTEN is a student in attendance.
Will my room have a DTEN? Here's a spreadsheet of rooms with DTENs that is updated every term. Whether or not your room has a DTEN, please see the tech resources below for assistance with running a Bimodal class.
Bimodal Classroom Checklist - Use this checklist to get your classroom prepped for your Bimodal Class.
Teleconference Audio Quick Reference - For when you're using a teleconferencing unit instead of DTEN.
DTEN Video Walkthroughs
These videos will guide you through connecting your DTEN to your Zoom room. You will be asked to log-in to access the Panopto videos below.
Introduction to the DTEN board
As a general rule, launch Zoom from your laptop first, then connect the DTEN to your Zoom room.
Then, you'll want to share your laptop audio with the DTEN board, so students on Zoom and in the Classroom can hear any media you're sharing.
Planning for Active Learning
Here are some recommendations for planning lessons that engage both sets of learners equitably:
- Leverage active learning (group work, debates, gallery walks, guided discussion, co-creation, and role play).
- Design lessons that can be equitably consumed and mastered by both modalities (e.g., not including in-person white boarding as the only option for notes, but using the DTEN whiteboard function and projecting to both audiences)
- Consider lessons that activate student agency in some way (e.g., 2 or 3 activities that they can choose from by voting).
- Consider shortening class meeting time to no more than 2 hours unless there are requirements otherwise in the program due to accreditation or licensure.
- When shortening class time, please create an asynchronous learning activity in D2L to make up for the instructional time. For example:
- Online Discussion Forum (2 to 2.5 hours for 1 original post and 2 replies)
- Field Work Assignment (ask the students to apply a learning objectives from the week to their workplace by observation or reflection)
- Research and Reflect Assignment (ask the students to research a key item from the learning objectives from the week and reflect on its applicability to their lives, either professionally, personally, or societally)
- Develop a habit of repeating questions to the class, by modality, in order to give space to each set of students to answer without feeling they are interrupting others. You could also consider alternating the answers of questions between modality, as long as there is equitable weight.
Finding ways to not only build engagement but also promote active learning for all students, faculty should consider the goals of the interaction. It can be challenging for faculty to come up with specific approaches that work for students who are simultaneously in the physical classroom with those who are attending online, synchronously.
Louisiana State University developed a guide called Teaching Tools: Active Learning while Physically Distancing that outlines a multitude of approaches to support active learning in an equitable way across modalities. The guide is divided into the specific instructional and assessment goals:
- Engage content learning and support communication skills development
- Engage and check understanding
- Monitor and assess understanding
- Reflect on learning
- Strengthen understanding
- Active engagement and planning for future learning connections
- Providing/getting feedback on work in progress
Each Idea for the guide is framed across three modalities: online, synchronous; Online, asynchronous; and F2F in a physically distanced classroom. Determine the goal of the student engagement in your classroom, and use this guide filled with activity ideas to help create an active learning environment for all students.
Bimodal Active Learning Resources
Bimodal Lesson Plan Template - This is a guiding framework for planning your class in a Bimodal format.
Bimodal Active Learning Strategies- This resource will help you find ways to build engagement and promote active learning for students in a Bimodal environment.
Managing the Bimodal Classroom - Pedagogical considerations for creating a welcoming environment for students in a Bimodal format.
Navigating the Room
In a bimodal classroom, there is an interplay among the instructors, face-to-face students, and remote students linked by video, audio, and chat technologies. As you navigate around the classroom, engaging with both sets of learners, keep the following in mind:
- It is important to be sure you are walking around the classroom still in view and within the microphone range, you should see markers on the floor for this purpose.
- When screen-sharing, online students have to choose grid view to be able to view shared screens, speaker view will not show screen sharing.
- All devices except DTEN should be muted—mics and speakers.
- Faculty should share-screen from the classroom computer or their laptop.
- Screen Sharing on DTEN boards removes the online audience's camera grid.
- Only use the camera of DTEN in the classroom. If the F2F students in the classroom are logged into zoom, they should turn off their video and mute their mics, and speakers to avoid distortion and feedback..
Familiarize yourself with how the room is set up before your class begins. Take some time to also discuss guidelines and norms with your students.
Research Support for Tech and Bimodal Classes
Beatty, B. J. (2019). Hybrid-Flexible Course Design: Implementing student-directed hybrid classes (1st ed.). EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/hyflex
- This volume provides readers with methods, case stories, and strategies related to Hybrid-Flexible (HyFlex) course design so that they may make decisions about using it themselves and even begin their own HyFlex course (re)design.
Bell, J., Sawaya, S., & Cain, W. (2014). Synchromodal classes: Designing for shared learning experiences between face-to-face and online students. International Journal of Designs for Learning (5), 1: https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/ijdl/article/view/12657
- In this paper, the authors describe the antecedents that led to the development of synchromodal classes. Authors then describe their strategy of a repeated cycle of designing, implementing, and adjusting our realization of synchromodal classes. They conclude by discussing the significance of synchromodal learning in the context of this case and possible future directions for their work.
Kelly, R. (2014, May 13). Using self-determination theory to improve online learner motivation. Faculty Focus. https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/online-education/online-student-engagement/using-self-determination-theory-improve-online-learner-motivation
- In this article, Kelly describes three basic psychological needs that affect motivation—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—and how to plan for these when planning for online learning.
Leijon, M., & Lundgren, B. (2019). Connecting physical and virtual spaces in a HyFlex pedagogic model with a focus on teacher interaction. Journal of Learning Spaces (8), 1. http://libjournal.uncg.edu/jls/article/view/1640/1338
- This article highlights interaction within physical and virtual spaces in a higher education HyFlex learning environment with live streamed lectures and seminars. What kinds of learning spaces do we shape when we connect physical and virtual spaces? How does a group of teachers interact in these spaces and how do the HyFlex spaces affect the interaction? The perspective of ‘designs for learning’ theoretically frames the study. The result shows that several different spaces are shaped: physical space, representational space, interactional space, and liminal space. The results also imply that a HyFlex model requires an increased didactic awareness of designing for learning.